Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the cells and reduces arterial plaque formation?

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as "good" cholesterol due to its role in transporting cholesterol away from the arteries and cells back to the liver for excretion or reutilization. This process helps to reduce the levels of cholesterol within arterial walls, which in turn decreases the risk of plaque buildup and cardiovascular disease.

HDL plays a crucial protective role in cardiovascular health. It not only facilitates the removal of excess cholesterol but also has anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to the health of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. This action is beneficial in mitigating the risk of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque accumulation.

In contrast, other lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) primarily carry cholesterol from the liver to the tissues. High levels of LDL, in particular, are associated with increased cholesterol deposits in arterial walls, leading to plaque formation, whereas HDL's antagonistic effects in cholesterol transport play a significant role in cardiovascular protection.